The family onion includes many varieties, differing in the multigloss type - several small onions (up to 10 units) are combined in one head. The weight of the nest varies from 150 g to 300 g. Varieties are characterized by disease resistance, juiciness, soft taste and excellent aroma.
Distinctive characteristics of family onions
The family variety of onions is considered a common crop that was first selected in the northern regions of Russia. Breeders tried to grow an onion plant that survives in harsh climates. For many decades, scientists have perfected varieties, reaching the highest levels of yield, early maturity and long-term preservation ability.
Characteristic features of the family onion:
- the average ripening time from planting seed to harvest is 60-70 days;
- storage period - 11-12 months;
- increased resistance to cold;
- preservation of taste and nutrients throughout the shelf life;
- the possibility of planting in the winter and spring;
- husk color - golden, brown, purple, bronze, depending on the particular variety;
- shade of the core - more often white or pink, less often purple;
- high productivity;
- lack of ability to shoot;
- disease resistance;
- unpretentiousness;
- the possibility of growing on the head and feather.
Family onions are used for preservation, marinades, cooking first and second courses, cold appetizers, salads.
Varieties of onion
There are many varieties of family onions, which have their own characteristics:
- Ginger refers to medium-late varieties. The heads have an oblong shape, snow-white flesh, bright golden scales. The taste is sharp, the number of bulbs in one head is a maximum of 10. The mass of each is 50-70 g.
- Monastic - early onion, the homeland is considered the Kostroma province. The form is roundly elongated, the mass of the bulbs is up to 65-70 g, the color of the husk is pinkish, the flesh is white and pink. The number of onions is 8 pieces, the taste is weak spicy.
- Old Believers - pungent, selected in the Vologda Oblast. The shape of the head is round-oblong, the color is copper-yellow, the number of bulbs is 10 units of 70-80 g.
- Prince - a large variety with bulbs of 80 g, which is formed up to 10 pieces in the head. The hue of the husk is brown-pink, the flesh is characterized by juiciness and a pleasant taste.
- Velikoustyugsky It has a brown-red shirt, the number of bulbs reaches 10 units weighing 50-80 g. The taste is quite sharp.
- Prometheus has a mild flavor, high juiciness. The flesh is a snow-white hue, the husk is red-brown, the shape is round. The head contains 8 bulbs weighing 70-75 g.
- Albik - an early ripe variety with round-flat bulbs, yellow flakes. This is a small onion, containing a few elements weighing 30-50 g. Feature - more grown for greens.
- Grant - The most gigantic bow with 12 heads. The weight of the bulb reaches 200 g, the taste is sharp, the flesh is juicy.
- Pesandor - has a mild taste and an ultra-high content of heads in the nest - 15-20 pieces. The pulp has a purple hue.
There are other varieties that are intended for the Northern latitudes - Siberian yellow, Grasshopper, Krepysh, Sprint and for the southern regions - Rostov, Russian purple, Kuban yellow.
Family onion propagation
Family onion propagates exclusively in a vegetative way, as several bulbs are located in one head. For planting, medium ones are used, from which small components are removed. This must be done carefully so as not to damage the root system.
The variety is planted directly in open ground or a greenhouse for growing by the seedling method.
Preparing a family onion for planting
Bulb crops, like other vegetables, must be prepared before planting, thereby increasing productivity, accelerating the process of biting heads and the growth of seedlings.
Preparatory measures include three actions - processing planting material, choosing a place based on crop rotation, and preparing beds.
Seed preparation
Before planting the bulbs, perform the following manipulations:
- Clean the upper layers of the husk, under which pathogens can be localized. It is they who further contribute to the development of diseases, especially fungal ones.
- Etch the bulbs with a disinfectant. To do this, you can use a solution of manganese or copper sulfate. Soak in liquid for 2-3 hours. In the store you can buy special disinfectants (Maxim and the like).
- Rinse the bulbs with clean water.
- Soak the planting material in humic fertilizer, organics and minerals or growth stimulants. Maintain in solution for 10 hours.
- Put the bulbs in a common container, put it in an unheated place. Roots will grow in a few days.
- Before planting, cut off the tops of the heads for seedling growth.
Ridge preparation
First of all, choose a place - sunny, without strong winds. This should be done in the fall, as the beds are prepared immediately after the previous harvest. Since the soil is required loose, the garden is dug up to the height of a bayonet shovel. At the same time, fertilizers are applied (norm per 1 sq. M):
- 15 g of potassium salt and 25 g of superphosphate.
- Humus or compost - 5 kg.
Crop rotation rules
Crop rotation is an important agricultural technique that optimizes soil exploitation by replenishing the missing resources in a natural way.
Each culture has a special effect on the composition and structure of the soil, so different vegetables need to be alternated among themselves when planting. Otherwise (when only one crop is cultivated on a bed), the land is exposed to the depletion of one or another nutrient or their complex. In addition, pest larvae can accumulate that devour, for example, only nightshade crops.
Onions are strictly forbidden to grow on one site every year. Return to previous beds is possible only after 3 years.
The best predecessors for onion family crops:
- Tomatoes
- celery;
- white cabbage, kohlrabi;
- squash, squash;
- potatoes;
- spinach, salad;
- pumpkin;
- eggplant.
Worst predecessors:
- garlic and onions;
- radish and radish;
- beans and peas;
- cucumber and dill;
- sunflower and corn;
- parsnip and parsley.
Vegetables are planted based on the beneficial effects on each other, in the neighborhood. Family onions are excellent with cucumbers, beets, tomatoes, carrots, strawberries, spinach and salad.
It is undesirable to plant onions next to kohlrabi and broccoli, turnips and dill, radishes, peas, beans, parsley, cabbage, lettuce.
Onions can be planted in close proximity to the desired crops or planted according to a certain pattern. For example, make 2-4 rows with onions, 1 row with carrots, again 2-4 rows with onions, 1 row with tomatoes, etc.
Planting a family onion
Family onions are planted according to a certain pattern depending on the type of variety, but the distance between the bulbs, in contrast to the slightly primordial varieties, is much greater.
This is due to the fact that in one head contains several bulbs that grow to the sides. If you do not follow this rule, the heads grow small.
Landing time
The biological feature of the family onion is that the root system develops better at cool temperatures. For example, the optimal temperature for the roots is from +2 to +20 degrees, for the green part - + 15-25. Onions at the stage of formation of the root system and heads are not afraid of freezing, up to –6–7, but excessively hot weather does no harm.
These indicators allow you to plant a crop at any time of the year - in early autumn, spring or before winter. You can sow onions at any time, but you should pay attention to the requirements of agricultural technology for a particular variety.
Schemes
The depth of the laying of a family onion varies from 2 to 3 cm, the distance between the rows should not be less than 30 cm, more than 40 cm. The distance between the seedlings depends on the size of the bulbs in the grown form:
- small varieties require 10 cm;
- medium-sized - 15 cm;
- large - up to 30 cm.
The process of planting family onions in open ground
Planting family onions in open ground:
- loosen the beds, introducing saltpeter (per 1 sq. m - 7 g of substance);
- level the surface of the earth;
- make grooves or holes according to the selected scheme;
- pour plenty of water;
- sprinkle with wood ash;
- set the bulbs;
- sprinkle with soil and tamp.
It is not recommended to moisten the beds after planting, but it is advisable to mulch to maintain the optimum level of humidity.
How to grow family onions in seedlings?
When planting onions in open ground, it has to be thinned out, not all heads can come up, young shoots have to be protected from heavy rains. With the seedling method, these problems do not arise.
How to sow onions for seedlings:
- treat the seed in a standard way;
- plant the bulbs in wooden crates by watering abundantly;
- cover with plastic wrap until the first shoots are formed.
During the growing season periodically moisten the soil, maintain the temperature from +14 to +25 degrees. Once you can feed with diluted water chicken manure in a ratio of 10: 1.
You can plant in the ground after weather conditions stabilize. Planting time depends on the climate - seedlings are ready for transplanting in 30-50 days, depending on the variety.
Transplant Process:
- water the seedlings in a drawer;
- dig up the bulbs with a tool, pull out the heads;
- prune the roots slightly - 4 cm should remain;
- pour slurry solution into the prepared well;
- plant seedlings;
- to ground;
- pour plenty of water;
- lay the mulch.
After landing, after 3 days carry out loosening.
Features of landing under the winter
Almost all varieties of multiglose onions are suitable for planting in the winter, as they can withstand frost. But there is one condition for this - a stronger root system, so you need to consider the timing of planting. Therefore, family onions are planted 1.5-2 months before the frost, in late September - early October.
Preparatory measures and the landing process are identical to the rules for planting in the spring. Before the onset of frost, the onion must be mulched. The height of the mulch should be at least 6-8 cm.
How to care for family onions?
To grow a decent crop, family onions must be properly looked after.
Watering
When growing onion crops, gardeners want to get not only heads, but also green mass. The family variety, thanks to the presence of several bulbs in the head, gives a plentiful feather. And in order to achieve this, watering is necessary. Humidification begins after the formation and growth of seedlings by 8 cm.
Watering Rules:
- Watering is enough to carry out 1 time in 6-7 days. For 1 square. m requires 16-20 liters of water.
- To moisten the soil, rainwater is used. If this is not possible, you can use the tap, but be sure to defend it for 3-4 days.
- The water should be warm (from a cold plant gets sick and dies), so leave the fluid collected in the tank under the open rays of the sun.
It happens that with sufficient watering, the green mass turns yellow, so inexperienced gardeners increase the amount and frequency of hydration. Do not do this, since the reason lies in the lack of minerals. To get rid of the problem, make a solution of ammonium nitrate or sprinkle the plants with wood ash.
Mulching
Thanks to mulching, you can save time, water and effort, prevent the growth of weeds. The material that is filled up for a long period of time keeps the necessary level of humidity, so the frequency of watering is reduced. Mulch forms a dense porous layer through which weeds are difficult to break through.
The procedure is carried out immediately after rain or moisture. For this, only natural materials are used - grass, tops of other crops, hay, straw, sawdust, needles.
Top dressing
Family onions do not require fertilizer, as before planting, fertilizing is carried out. But, if you notice a withering or yellowing of the feathers, and the growth of the bulbs stops, use the following:
- For 10 liters of water, take 15 g of potassium salt and 10 g of ammonium nitrate.
- Dilute chicken droppings in a ratio of 1: 15/20.
Loosening
Loosen the soil between the rows the day after watering. For the entire season, 4 procedures are enough under normal weather conditions.
If the summer is very arid and cracking crusts form on the surface of the earth, the soil will have to be loosened more often. Along with loosening, weeding is also carried out.
Pest and Disease Control
Family onions are considered resistant to disease, but under adverse conditions, fungal diseases most often occur. Sometimes plants also affect pests.
How to deal with the most common diseases and insects:
- With the defeat of Fusarium, which is characterized by the formation of rot on the bulb, watering is completely stopped. Plants are treated with a solution of copper sulfate (1%) or copper chloride.
- For prevention, a solution of copper sulfate - 5 g, water - 10 l, crushed laundry soap - 50 g is used.
- To protect against pests, the beds are sprinkled with tobacco dust, ground black pepper.
- It is useful to water the aisles with saline - for 10 liters of 200 g.
- Of particular danger is the onion fly, which infects the family variety. For its destruction, drugs are used: Spark, Inta-Vir, Flies, Zemlin.
- Near the beds, it is advisable to plant marigolds and carrots.
- You can boil mint and pine needles, water the beds.
Onion Nest Formation
A family onion nest is formed in order to get larger heads. This should be done starting in late June. The optimal number of onion elements for their growth is 4-5 pieces.
How is the procedure:
- inspect the head, slightly moving the soil away from it;
- carefully separate the extra onions without pulling the head out of the hole and without damaging the root system;
- dig in the bulbs.
Harvesting
The harvest time for family onions depends on the variety, but you can determine it yourself by external signs - the feathers dry and fall. Bulbs should be removed under favorable weather conditions. It should be morning, because after collecting the bulbs are laid out in beds under direct sunlight to dry.
In rainy weather, the onion is transferred to a warm, ventilated room, laid on a woven material to breathe from all sides. In this case, you need to turn the heads 2-3 times a day.
How to collect family onions?
To keep the onions for a long time, you must adhere to the basic rules of collection:
- it is forbidden to pull out the heads, pulling the tops;
- first you need to dig up the vegetables;
- then gently pull, holding the base (neck) with your hand;
- shake off the dirt slightly without hitting each other or other objects;
- decompose to dry;
- cut the green mass, leaving the neck 3-4 cm;
- dry again until completely dry in the room for several days or weeks, depending on the level of humidity;
- cut roots for 1-2 cm;
- discard damaged bulbs.
Storage rules
After you have collected and prepared the family onions, they are sent for long-term storage.The room may be an apartment (kitchen, pantry, drawers, balcony) or a cellar. Requirements based on the location of the storage:
- In room conditions, the permissible temperature regime is from +18 to + 22 ° C, air humidity - 60-70%. You can store in various ways:
- in a cardboard box;
- in old kapron stockings;
- in bags made of natural fabric;
- in baskets of vines;
- in paper bags;
- in polypropylene nets;
- in the form of braids that are woven from bulbs with uncut tops.
- In the basement, the temperature is 0-4 degrees, the humidity is a maximum of 85%. You can save the heads in boxes made of wood or plastic, which are filled with sand, sawdust. A prerequisite is to drill holes to remove excess moisture and air.
Family onion drying
If the family onion is not completely dried, it will undergo putrefactive diseases in the future, so it will become impossible to keep it for a year.
The first time the culture is dried on the beds, and the second drying requires compliance with the following conditions:
- Drying time - minimum 10 days, maximum 20 days.
- Location - attic, ventilated area, street (under a canopy).
- The method is to spread it on a woven material, hang it in a bundle.
Useful Tips
Novice gardeners quite often make mistakes, because of which it is not possible to get a good harvest of family onions. To prevent this, use the tips of experienced:
- Do not be afraid to plant multi-bud varieties in early spring - they are not afraid of frost.
- When choosing seed material, keep in mind that feathers grow more from small bulbs, heads from larger ones, and large ones do not work either. The fact is that there will be little greenery, and the bulbs will grow small.
- If the rules for harvesting and storage of crops are not observed, planting material for the next year will be of poor quality.
- If the feathers suddenly turn yellow, it means they lack nitrogen or potassium. To solve the problem, carry out appropriate dressing.
- But before applying fertilizer, carefully inspect the plants. Perhaps the leaves turn yellow due to pests - onion flies and their larvae.
- Oddly enough, but yellowing of greenery can occur with excessive moisture in the soil.
- If the growth goes only in the feather, it means that the onion was planted too late, when the temperature of the air and soil did not contribute to the build-up of the root system.
- The heads do not mature with an excess of nitrogen fertilizers.
- For head growth, immediately after planting, try not to water the soil at all for about 6-7 days.
Reviews
Galina Vasilievna, 57 years old, summer resident, Kaliningrad region I did not always like family varieties of onions. I associate this with the fact that they have small heads (compared to ordinary onions). I do not want to spend a lot of time subsequently on peeling a vegetable. And once a neighbor treated the Monastic variety, and I liked it to taste, and I noted for myself that such onions can be cut very finely without making any effort.
Igor, 31 years old, Krasnoyarsk. It is easy to grow multiglossal onions (family) even in our region - it grows with frost, the crop is rich, the taste is excellent. Yes, and special care does not require. But for planting, I always choose precocious options.
Natalya Gulyaeva, 36 years old, farmer. I have been cultivating family onions for about five years, I take different varieties for this and always have the same positive result - high productivity, unpretentiousness, excellent bulbs, so I recommend it.
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The yield and taste characteristics of the family onion depend on the quality of care for it. Taking care and diligence, you will collect delicious, juicy and healthy vegetables. And if you collect and store it correctly, it will be enough for you until next spring.
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