Nutria or marsh beavers rarely get sick in nature, but they happen in captivity. These animals have strong immunity, and if they are provided with proper nutrition and clean water, clean houses in time, use sunlight to disinfect, then the risk of disease can be minimized.
Infectious diseases
Compared to rabbits, nutria is much more viable. They get sick less often, including infectious diseases. The latter, most often, affect animals through the fault of humans - the cause of infectious diseases is a violation of sanitary rules for keeping.
Pasteurellosis
An acute infectious disease caused by bacteria pasteurella (Pasteurella). Outbreaks occur in warm weather. At risk is young animals under the age of six months. Infection occurs through water, feed, and less commonly through the respiratory tract.
Symptoms Symptoms depend on the stage and form of pasteurellosis. In acute form, nutria is observed:
- decreased appetite;
- depressed state;
- heavy, hoarse breathing;
- the fur becomes dry, brittle and disheveled;
- elevated temperature - up to 42 ° C;
- outflow of blood from the nostrils;
- cramps
- salivation;
- conjunctivitis;
- paralysis of the hind legs.
If the disease becomes chronic, the above symptoms are smoothed out. In chronic animals, the joints are swollen and inflamed.
Treatment. Antibiotics and a special serum are used against pasteurellosis, but they do not give a special effect. The incubation period is up to 3 days. The disease can last from 12 hours to 6 days, depending on the form of the disease.
Forecasts. If the animal has an acute form of pasteurellosis, the animal dies within a few days. In the chronic form, the disease is delayed, but the result is similar to the acute course - the death of the animal.
Prevention Since there are no effective treatments, the efforts of breeders should be directed towards the prevention of the disease. If sick animals only appear, they must be eliminated in order to avoid infection of the livestock. Disinfection is carried out in the cells; all inventory is also processed. All remaining nutrias are treated with antibiotics - penicillin, monomycin, bicillin-3.
Streptococcosis
The disease is caused by gram-positive bacteria that enter the body through food, drink, or through the air. More often than others, young individuals and pregnant nutria suffer from streptococcosis. In adult animals, a chronic or subacute course is observed, in young animals, an acute form. At risk, individuals aged 2-6 months.
Symptoms In nutria, suffering from an acute form of streptococcosis, it is observed:
- decreased appetite;
- oppression;
- temperature up to 40-41 ° С;
- ruffled hair;
- discharge of pus from the nostrils and eyes.
Streptococcosis is a newly diagnosed disease. It can be diagnosed only by the results of laboratory tests.
With a subacute form, the symptoms are less pronounced. By the third day of the disease, the animals begin to cough, sometimes the joints swell, diarrhea can begin. The incubation period lasts about a day. Usually the disease is sluggish, the acute form is rare.
Treatment. Streptococci are afraid of antibiotics. Sick animals are given:
- Amoxicillin;
- Cefotaxime;
- Bicillin 5.
Drugs are given repeatedly - after 5 days. Bicillin-5 is recommended intramuscularly. Also, veterinarians advise norsulfazole. Therapy is administered according to the veterinarian's prescription.
Forecasts. If you start treatment immediately - upon detection of symptoms, the prognosis is favorable. If untreated, the animals die within two days.
Prevention The corpses of dead animals must be burned. But the skins can be saved - they are removed in a separate room, soaked in formalin and dried for 4-5 days at 30 ° C.
Salmonellosis (paratyphoid)
The causative agent of paratyphoid is Salmonella bacteria. They penetrate the body with food, water, as well as in contact with a sick animal. The disease is difficult to diagnose and rapidly develops - a sick animal dies within a day. The peak incidence is summer.
Symptoms There are three forms of the paratyphoid course - acute, subacute, chronic. Symptoms in acute form:
- lack of appetite;
- tremor;
- depressed state;
- bloating;
- diarrhea with mucus and blood;
- rhinitis and lacrimation;
- the temperature first rises to 42 ° C, and then drops sharply below normal.
Incubation - from 10 to 16 days. With subacute and chronic form, the symptoms are smoothed.
Treatment. Therapy is carried out with the help of an antimicrobial agent - Furazolidone. The drug is added to food. Salmonellosis is also treated with antibiotics - Biomycin and Levomycetin.
Forecasts. If paratyphoid is not treated, its acute form can be fatal in 2-7 days, subacute in two weeks, and chronic in 20-30 days.
Prevention The acute form of paratyphoid is difficult to treat, so it is recommended to vaccinate nutria.
Recommended preventive measures:
- new individuals are quarantined;
- if at least one animal gets sick, the whole population should receive antibiotics, and the sick individual will be eliminated;
- the contact group is quarantined, isolating from the livestock;
- annual vaccination that protects nutria for 7-8 months.
Tuberculosis
One of the most dangerous diseases of nutria. The causative agent is mycobacteria (cow or human). Infection occurs through infectious milk or as a result of contact with sick individuals.
Symptoms The disease affects mainly the respiratory system, less often - intestinal and others. For a long time, the disease can occur in a latent form. As tuberculosis develops, the following symptoms appear:
- lethargy and immobility;
- lack of appetite;
- if the intestinal system is affected, diarrhea appears;
- if the lungs are affected, shortness of breath and severe cough develops.
A tuberculin test helps diagnose the disease.
Treatment. Tuberculosis, which affects nutria, is incurable. All sick animals have to be killed.
Forecasts. An incurable disease leads to the death of livestock. All sick animals have to be rejected.
Prevention Milk fed nutria should be boiled. They should be fully fed, kept clean.
Colibacillosis
The causative agent is E. coli. It is ingested with food and water. Normally, the bacterium that causes colibacteriosis lives in the intestines. With weakening of the immune system, pathogenic microflora multiplies intensively, and the disease begins. Risk group - young growth at the age of 3-5 months and females.
Symptoms The main symptom is upset digestion. In animals, fetid diarrhea begins, which quickly drains them. Other signs:
- dull and tousled hair;
- near the anus, the coat is dirty;
- lack of appetite;
- lethargy and weight loss.
The incubation period with a sluggish form stretches to 5 days.
Treatment. The disease is fought with antibiotics, sulfonamide and nitrofuran drugs. Apply such drugs:
- Syntomycin;
- Furazolidone;
- Chloramphenicol or biomycin.
The disease is diagnosed after the conclusion of the pathologist and bacteriological studies. Treatment should be comprehensive, in addition to antibiotics, animals are given special antitoxic serum and vitamins.
Forecasts. If the animals do not provide medical assistance, they will die in 3-5 days. Mortality - 90%.
Prevention The causative agent can always be on the surfaces of inventory, feeders, drinking bowls, so it is necessary to periodically disinfect them. New individuals should be quarantined.
Listeriosis
The causative agent is bacteria from the genus Listeria. Nutria rarely have listeriosis. Single individuals from young or pregnant females are affected. Listeria can be carried by birds and rodents.
Symptoms Signs of listeriosis depend on the form of the course:
- Sharp. It is accompanied by a depressed state and heat. The animals refuse to eat.
- Subacute. The nervous system is affected, animals move unusually - it is difficult for them to maintain balance. In females - uterine damage, accompanied by abortion and mummification of the fetus.
- Chronic Lack of coordination. In sick animals, blood composition may also change.
Treatment. The diagnosis is made only after bacteriological analysis. It is impossible to cure listeriosis. All diseased individuals are disposed of.
Forecasts. In acute form, nutria die within two days.
Prevention Individuals with acute and subacute form are euthanized. All others are quarantined for 20 days. The infection is dangerous for humans, therefore, after working with animals, hands should be disinfected.
Noncommunicable diseases
Swamp beavers are not very similar to humans, but they get sick just the same - they have bronchitis and pneumonia. Animals can sneeze and cough, poison grass with poor-quality food, and suffer from vitamin deficiency. Such diseases are non-infectious in nature, their causes lie in violation of the conditions for the maintenance of nutria and in unfavorable heredity.
Avitaminosis
Vitamin deficiency develops due to errors in feeding. If you feed the animals in the same way, saving green and succulent feeds, a deficiency of vitamins A and D occurs. At risk are nutria at the age of 4-5 months, pregnant females and animals aged.
Symptoms A lack of vitamin D leads to rickets. Signs of vitamin deficiency:
- lethargy, poor appetite and stunted growth;
- sore eyes - at first they bulge, then conjunctivitis and clouding of the cornea begins, leading to complete blindness;
- in pregnant females - abortion, birth of dead or non-viable puppies, can also bleed genitals;
- tousled hair.
Treatment. The essence of treatment is nutrition adjustment. Nutria begin to intensely feed carrots and hay - preferably legumes. Ill animals are fed with fish oil. It can be mixed into the feed. Dosage - 1-1.5 g 5-6 times a day. Give fish oil every other day.
Forecasts. With timely correction of nutrition, the prognosis is favorable. Otherwise, nutria awaits blindness and death.
Prevention It consists in observing the rules and norms of nutrition. Animals should be fed with dry feed and semi-moist mash.
Rhinitis
The cause of inflammation of the nasal mucosa becomes, most often, hypothermia: drafts, low temperature in houses.
Symptoms Mucus is actively secreted from the nostrils. Dry crusts form in the nose - because of this it is difficult for animals to breathe. Rhinitis can be the accompaniment of a more serious disease - bronchitis.
Treatment. Penicillin solution (1: 1000) is instilled into the nostrils - until complete recovery occurs. Burying - twice a day. After removing the dry crusts from the nostrils with tweezers, they are lubricated with petroleum jelly.
Forecasts. With timely treatment, the prognosis is favorable. It happens that the animals cure themselves - if they have strong immunity. The main thing is not to impede their breathing.
Prevention Avoid hypothermia of nutria. Prevent drafts in rooms where animals live.
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchi begins in nutria with banal rhinitis.
Symptoms The sick animal breathes hoarsely, sneezes, mucus is released from the nose. The animals do not want to eat, they are sluggish and depressed.
Treatment. Therapy is prescribed by a veterinarian. Before treating the animal for bronchitis, it is necessary to eliminate the causes that provoked the disease - to insulate the room and eliminate drafts. They treat bronchitis with antibiotics or sulfa drugs.
Forecasts. If untreated, the prognosis is poor. Bronchitis can quickly turn into bronchopneumonia - inflammation moves to parts of the lungs.
Prevention Preventive measures consist in observing the conditions for the maintenance of nutria and in the timely treatment of colds, rhinitis.
Pneumonia
Like humans, nutria pneumonia begins with the common cold. The essence of pneumonia is pneumonia, acute or chronic. Often, pneumonia becomes a consequence of prolonged rhinitis or bronchitis. The development of the disease contributes to cold, damp and drafts.
Symptoms It is impossible to diagnose pneumonia in the eye; the animal must be listened to by the veterinarian. In sick individuals observed:
- fever;
- poor appetite
- hoarse breathing.
Treatment. Poorly treatable. It is necessary to treat animals sick with rhinitis and bronchitis in a timely manner. Treatment is with antibiotics and sulfa drugs, always under the supervision of a veterinarian. Inside, sulfadimezin and intramuscular injections of penicillin are prescribed. At the time of treatment, the animals are placed in a warm room.
Forecasts. The result of treatment depends on the timeliness of assistance, the correctness of the selected drugs, the condition and immunity of the animal.
Prevention It is necessary to keep nutria in winter in insulated houses. Do not allow roof and drafts to leak. The floor should be litter of sawdust or other insulation material. In severe frosts and cold winds, cell walls should be insulated with boards or plywood.
Mastitis
Mastitis - an inflammation of the mammary glands, female nutria can become ill, having cooled down during lactation or injuring the nipple. When injured, an infection enters the body, which causes inflammation.
Symptoms The seal of the mammary glands.
Treatment. At an early stage, it is necessary to rub an ointment into the tightened nipples - ichthyol or ichthyolsalicylic. Inside, females are given daily urotropin - 0.5-0.6 g or streptocide - 0.3-0.5 g. Puppies are taken from sick females by being planted with other nursing mothers. If there are none, you will have to solder small nutrias manually.
Forecasts. With timely treatment, the forecasts are good - the disease disappears without a trace.
Prevention Prevention of mastitis is to ensure good living conditions - houses should be warm, without drafts.
Gastrointestinal tract diseases and poisoning
The cause of gastrointestinal diseases is errors in animal feeding. For example, an increased content of nitrates and nitrites, poisonous plants, pathogenic microbes, fungi. Problems can also arise due to the high salt content in the diet.
Symptoms If the feed contains an increased content of the above toxic components, the disease is acute. Symptoms of acute poisoning:
- salivation;
- diarrhea;
- vomiting
- unwillingness to eat;
- cramps
- paralysis.
Along with poisoning, in nutria due to violation of nutrition rules catarrh of the stomach can be observed, but flatulence - bloating, and tympanum - bloating, they rarely get sick. Fermentation may be caused by feeding stale, lightly fermenting food.
Treatment. Sick animals need a warm enema. They are given milk - they give 4-5 dessert spoons, as well as a weak solution of potassium permanganate - 2-3 tablespoons should be poured into the mouth. For 12-16 hours, sick individuals should starve. At the end of this period and the treatment, the animals are given food - benign and nutritious.
Forecasts. Acute disorders often result in death. With timely help, the forecasts are favorable.
Prevention Compliance with the rules of feeding. Use only quality feed. Each new food, before giving nutrias, is tested on 2-3 nutrias for 7-10 days.
Constipation
A condition in which stool, drying up and hardening, stagnates in the large intestine, is called constipation.The cause of constipation is the feeding of nutria with roughage and concentrates.
Symptoms Animals with constipation for a long time lying on their sides, moving their front legs. Their breathing becomes frequent, they refuse food.
Treatment. The intestines are cleaned with an enema. A syringe is used - it is filled with warm water, in which fish oil or castor oil is added. It is necessary to adjust the diet.
Forecasts. With timely assistance, the forecasts are favorable.
Prevention Introduction to the diet of juicy and green fodder, if only coarse or concentrated feed is given to nutrias, solid feces accumulate in their large intestine. So that nutria does not have constipation, green and juicy foods must be present in their diet.
Eye diseases
Among eye diseases, keratitis and conjunctivitis are most often found in nutria. Keratitis appears when the cornea is damaged by hay or knots. Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye that occurs against the background of infectious diseases or under the influence of mechanical irritation.
Symptoms With conjunctivitis in nutria, the eyes become swollen and reddened, eyelashes are glued together, continuous lacrimation is observed. Over time, the eyes fester. With keratitis, redness is also observed, suppuration may develop.
Treatment. Conjunctivitis is treated by wiping the eyes with a 3% albucide solution. This helps remove purulent crusts. After some time, tetracycline or hydrocortisone ointment is placed in the eyes - under the eyelids. To cure keratitis, a fluorescein solution and eye drops are instilled into the eyes, antibiotics are also used for treatment - they are prescribed by the veterinarian.
Forecasts. If the animal is not treated in a timely manner, it may become blind.
Prevention Timely treatment of infectious diseases - if they respond to treatment. Prevention of eye damage nutria - remove hard twigs, branches and other sharp objects from the access area of animals.
Genitourinary diseases
The most common causes of diseases of the genitourinary system are associated with a violation of the conditions for the maintenance of nutria and their improper feeding. There is a wide range of genitourinary diseases, each of which requires special treatment.
Symptoms Each disease of the genitourinary sphere is accompanied by certain signs. Symptoms of bladder inflammation:
- urination becomes frequent;
- the animal, while emitting urine, spins, screams, arches its back;
- urine - with a red tint;
- lack of appetite.
Ovarian cysts have no pronounced symptoms. It happens that bald spots are noticeable on the sides of the animals - this is the result of a hormonal failure. If you palpate the lower abdomen, you can feel the seal. With a catarrh of the vagina, purulent expiration is observed.
Treatment. The treatment is prescribed by the veterinarian in accordance with the diagnosed disease:
- Bladder inflammation (cystitis). The animal is separated from healthy individuals. The cell is pre-insulated. Water and succulent feed give a minimum. They are fed with concentrates and boiled potatoes. With severe pain, heat is placed on the pelvis of the animal. The medicine is placed in capsules in the rectum. Composition: hexamine and beladonna extract. Capsules are administered daily for seven days.
- Ovarian cyst. Treatment is prescribed by a veterinarian. It can be medication, conservative or hormonal.
- Prolapse of the penis, in males - the penis, in females - the vagina. If males form a hair ring around the penis that interferes with mating, they cannot cover the females. The hair ring must be removed. In case of prolapse, disinfection is used with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, and then it is necessary to make a reduction of the precipitated organ.
- Qatar vagina. Rinse the vagina with a solution of rivanol or potassium permanganate (1: 1000). Females are discarded for skins.
- Abortion or death of the embryo. It is necessary to provide females with vitamins A, E, D. in a timely manner.
Forecasts. The inflammatory process in the bladder is especially dangerous. In the absence of adequate treatment, the animal dies after suffering several weeks.
Prevention Timely inspection of animals. Providing appropriate conditions for keeping and feeding. The diet of nutria should be full, and their houses - insulated and clean.
Cannibalism
With nutria, cannibalism - eating their own kind, is an infrequent phenomenon. Typically, such cases are associated with females eating their own stillborn cubs. This behavior can be explained by the reflex of eating the afterbirth. But if a female bites healthy cubs, she is likely to lack nutrients in her diet.
Symptoms Cannibalism is an asymptomatic phenomenon, but its result is eaten offspring.
Treatment. If dead or bitten cubs are found in the nest, the female should be transferred to another room as quickly as possible. And the surviving offspring should be transferred to another lactating individual. If there is no one to plant the kids, you have to feed them artificially.
Forecasts. There are no guarantees that the female will not repeat eating the offspring, therefore cannibals are usually rejected - for skins.
Prevention Pregnant females should receive a complete diet, in accordance with their position. They especially need protein, phosphorus, calcium, vitamins. The menu must necessarily contain succulent feed. Read more about proper nutrition of nutria here.
Injuries
Nutrias are very pugnacious. Typically, this behavior occurs during mating or crowding. During the fight, animals can inflict serious wounds on their rivals.
Symptoms Damage is visible visually. It is important to track the animals with injuries in time in order to provide them with first aid. If the animal has a fracture, it experiences severe pain. At the fracture site - swelling and tissue damage. Fracture temperature and pressure are elevated.
Treatment. The treatment of injuries depends on their nature and degree of damage:
- Small wounds should be lubricated with 2% hydrogen peroxide or iodine. If the nutria’s body is deeply damaged, it is necessary to cut the hair around it. Then the wound is cleaned with a solution of potassium permanganate, sprinkled with streptocide. If necessary, a bandage is applied to the wound.
- If the wounds are serious, you have to inject caffeine under the skin - 1-2 ml, and penicillin - 30-50 thousand units. The frequency of injections is twice a day.
- With open fractures, the wound should be treated with an antiseptic, and then apply gypsum for 3-4 weeks.
Forecasts. Minor damage done on time heals quickly. In the presence of large wounds, and in the absence of help, death can occur.
Prevention Prevention of fights by timely resettlement of livestock.
Frostbite
The cause of frostbite is the content of livestock in insulated rooms.
Symptoms When exposed to low temperatures, the first thing that affects animals is the tail, and ears and paws can freeze. There are three stages of frostbite:
- A supercooled place swells.
- A bubble filled with light liquid appears.
- The place of frostbite becomes dead. On the damaged area ulcers, festering areas are visible.
Frostbite of the nose, paws and tail of nutria
Treatment. Therapy depends on the stage:
- First stage. The frostbitten animal is transferred to heat and greased damaged areas with fat.
- Second stage. The bubbles are opened, removing the fluid accumulated in them. Lubricate the damaged area with camphor or zinc ointment. You can also use synthomycin ointment.
- Third stage. It is necessary to cut off the frostbitten areas. The tail is amputated, cauterized with iodine, a bandage is applied for 24 hours. When the dressing is removed, the circumcision is sprinkled with streptocide.
Forecasts. If frostbite is severe, animals should be killed. With small frostbite, and timely assistance, the forecasts are favorable.
Prevention Warming of rooms in which nutria live.
Solar and thermal shock
Sunstrokes occur in nutria during heat, especially if animals have to cram in a small area. The cause of heat stroke usually becomes overheating of animals in humid, poorly ventilated areas.
Symptoms Clinical signs of sun and heat stroke:
- refusal of feed;
- breathing becomes shallow, quickened;
- animals are lethargic, oppressed;
- on visible mucous membranes - cyanosis (cyanosis);
- the gait is shaky, the animal lies on its side or on its stomach;
- there are cramps.
Treatment. Overheated individuals are immediately transferred to a cool room. After wetting the rag with cold water, it is placed on the nutria’s head. If necessary, make the animal artificial respiration. In a serious condition, a solution of caffeine is administered intramuscularly - 1-2 ml.
Forecasts. With severe heat / sunstroke, when the seizures begin, the animals die immediately.
Prevention It is necessary to create shading zones in the walking area - to put up awnings where animals could hide from the scorching sun. To prevent heating of the roof, they whiten it, then put grass and branches on top. The house where the nutria live should be aired.
Parasitic diseases
The cause of parasitic diseases is parasites that penetrate into the body inside or parasitize on the external integument. Almost all parasitic diseases of the infection - helminths, ticks and other parasites, are rapidly spreading to the entire population.
Coccidiosis
Coccidiosis causes a unicellular protozoan parasite related to coccidia. Infection occurs through infected feed and water. Once inside the body, parasites affect the intestinal wall, liver, spleen.
Symptoms Most often, the parasite starts up in young animals at the age of 2-3 months. Signs of coccidia affection:
- exhaustion;
- sluggish, depressed state;
- swollen belly;
- alternately - diarrhea and constipation;
- damage to liver cells causes jaundice;
- the last stage of the disease is accompanied by convulsions and paralysis of the legs and muscles of the neck.
With this invasion, a massive mortality of young animals can be observed. If the course is chronic, the symptoms are not bright, infected individuals simply do not grow well. Latent course is typical for adults, and clinical symptoms appear in them if resistance is weakened.
In the next video, you can find out about a nutria disease such as coccidiosis:
Treatment. To make a diagnosis, feces must be examined in the laboratory - for the presence of oocysts. Infected individuals must be isolated. All patients, as well as animals at risk, should receive coccidostatics. For prevention, Khimkotsid is added to the feed - 0.003% to the feed. Or aricoccid - 0.03%. You can give young animals 0.1 g of phthalazole, adults - 0.2 g. Twice a day. The course of treatment is 6 days.
Forecasts. If treatment is started on time, the prognosis is favorable. Young animals, if untreated, die quickly.
Prevention In the warm season, it is necessary to periodically examine young growth - taking individuals selectively. If coccidiosis is detected, veterinary treatment and chemoprophylaxis are immediately carried out. They clean the houses, disinfect them with a 2% hot caustic soda solution or treat them with a blowtorch.
Intestinal parasites
Intestinal parasites are worms (helminths) that parasitize the intestines. Helminthiasis nutria is infected by eating contaminated food and water - if feces get there. Helminth infection directly depends on the conditions of the animals.
Symptoms Helminthiasis are chronic. Animals quickly lose weight, eat poorly, are inactive, temperature may rise. Often there is diarrhea with blood. The most common helminthiases are:
- Strongyloidosis. First cough appears, then diarrhea, mucosal anemia, exhaustion. Young animals die quickly, adults - in a month and a half.
- Fascioliasis The acute course is accompanied by lethargy, lack of appetite, exhaustion, tarnishing of the incisors, and an increase in temperature. Before death - convulsions.
- Trichinosis. Due to the larvae, muscle tissue dies, animals die.
Treatment. Diagnosis is by blood and feces. With strongyloidosis, animals are given Tibenzene, with fascioliasis - Hexachloroethane. For trichinosis, treatment has not been developed. Sick individuals are isolated. If necessary, the infected individuals are killed and burned.
Forecasts. The cure depends on the type of helminthiasis, the timeliness and adequacy of treatment.
Prevention To prevent helminthiases, it is necessary to regularly clean and disinfect cells, feeders, and equipment. Disease carriers, such as flies, should also be destroyed. It is also important that the household regularly carry out deratization.
Skin parasites
Nutria are infected by lice eaters, carnivores, fleas and other skin parasites from wild rodents - mice and rats. They can also get to the nutria from a person’s clothes and shoes, from hay or grass.
Symptoms The first signs of infection are itching. Soon, combs form on the skin of the animals. The skin of the nutria fade, bald spots appear, which soon become covered with a dense crust.
Lice-eaters are able to gnaw through the skin - they penetrate deeper, causing not only itching, but also painful sensations. Infection with lice eaters is called trichodectosis. With a large number of water-eaters, the symptoms are aggravated, the condition becomes life-threatening:
- wool falls out heavily;
- an allergy occurs to the bites of the eaters;
- anemia;
- eczema;
- rapid exhaustion.
Treatment. To combat skin parasites, special preparations for surface treatment are used - Frontline and Oksamat sprays, special shampoos. Having processed the animal’s hair, they disinfect the entire room, cages, change the litter.
Forecasts. The development of the disease depends on the type of parasite, the degree of damage and the timeliness of treatment. With proper therapy, the prognosis is favorable.
Prevention Regular disinfection, cleanliness, deratization of the premises.
Other diseases
Nutria, possessing strong immunity, being in captivity, are often infected by insects, mice, rats, other animals, various fungal and bacterial infections. Therefore, it is important to comply with the rules of sanitation and hygiene regarding the conditions of detention.
Tularemia
The most dangerous disease that bloodsucking insects and rodents carry.
Symptoms Signs of infection:
- cough;
- lethargy;
- secretion of mucus from the nose;
- sometimes diarrhea;
- enlarged lymph nodes;
- before death - convulsions.
In the cells where sick animals are located, the air becomes stale.
Treatment. The disease is not treated. The vaccine also does not exist.
Forecasts. 7-10 days after infection, the animal dies. In a chronic course, the animal dies after two months.
Prevention Compliance with sanitary standards, preventing contact with rodents and other animals.
Ringworm
Pathogens - dermatophyte fungi parasitizing on the skin of animals. Carriers - mice, cats, dogs. Infection can also occur due to poor sanitation in the room where the nutria live. This disease hopelessly spoils the skin of nutria.
Symptoms Wool and skin are affected. Wool falls out on infected areas, scabs appear on exposed areas. On the skin - peeling. Animals feel itchy. To make sure of the diagnosis, take a scraping to carry out the analysis, also examine wool samples.
Treatment. The fungus that causes ringworm is extremely contagious. Ill animals are immediately isolated, and the room in which they were kept is disinfected. Litter is being changed. The order of therapeutic measures:
- Lichen areas are wiped with soapy water - to soften the scabs.
- Using a special brush, wool and scales are removed.
- Lubricate the affected areas with iodine or Yuglon ointment.
Procedures are carried out every day. If necessary, in addition to local therapy, antifungal drugs are prescribed, for example, griseofulvin.
Forecasts. With proper treatment, the prognosis is favorable, if the animals are not treated, their skins will be damaged, such individuals will have to be discarded.
Prevention Thorough cleaning of premises, deratization, periodic disinfection. Disinfection is carried out using:
- 3% sodium hydroxide solution (temperature - 100 ° C);
- 2% formaldehyde solution (temperature - 25-30 ° С);
- 10% solution of sulfur-carbolic mixture (temperature - 70-80 ° С).
If the walls of the house are made of fireproof materials, you can use a blowtorch. All animals in contact with diseased individuals are quarantined for 30 days. Animals should be inspected regularly to identify the disease on time.
Most diseases that affect nutria require the slaughter of animals. Many diseases are incurable. In order to prevent livestock losses and to profit from the cultivation of nutria, one should strictly observe the rules for their maintenance. High sanitary and hygienic level of the premises, proper feeding and vaccination.
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