Tradeswoman is a hybrid variety obtained by crossing strawberries and strawberries. Zemklunika, taking the best qualities from each culture, has become a tempting object of cultivation for gardeners. We learn how it is interesting, how to plant and grow it.
variety of dredging "Merchant"
Zemkluniku "Merchant" is called a "fabulous" miracle berry
cultivar "Merchant" managed to fall in love not only to summer residents, but also to professional farmers
Origin of the Merchant
Breeders have long dreamed of crossing strawberries with strawberries. The greatest successes were achieved by Soviet specialists. The merchant class was obtained in the 80s of the last century at the Bryansk Agricultural University. The variety was introduced to the State Register in 2017. It is the first and so far the only officially registered representative of dredging. The hybrid is recommended for cultivation in all regions of Russia.
When creating the hybrid, a parental pair was used - large-fruited garden strawberries and European nutmeg strawberries. The variety probably got its name for the elegance of the bushes. A flowering plant looks very beautiful - the foliage is dense, lush, and above it is a bouquet of large white flowers.
Grade description
Brief botanical description of the merchants
- Bush. Tall and strong, spherical in shape. Height - 20-30 cm. Mustache a bit, they are medium in size, with a red tint.
- Leaves. Rounded, concave. The surface is smooth and shiny. The edges are serrated. The pubescence of the leaves is negligible, and the petioles are fluffy.
- Peduncles. Strong, thick, flowering - plentiful. There are so many flowers that almost no leaves are visible during their flowering. The flowers are large, snow-white. The middle is yellow.
- Fruit. Weight and size depend on ripening time. The form is elongated, oblate. Berries look unusual - they fork at the ends. The color is dark red with a purple hue.
Characteristics
The concept of “zemklunik” appeared in the 70s of the last century, when for the first time garden strawberries were crossed with strawberries. Gardeners claim that this hybrid, unlike strawberries, never loses its specific strawberry flavor - even in the wettest and coldest summers.
Features dredger Merchant:
- Grown in open ground and in greenhouses. In containers and in pots.
- Suitable for amateur, small commodity and industrial cultivation.
- Combines the qualities of a parental couple:
- From strawberries, the hybrid got a bright aroma of nutmeg and dessert sweetness, the ability to adapt to different environmental conditions, endurance and high immunity.
- From strawberries - large-fruited and high yield potential. Monoeciousness - the plant has bisexual flowers.
Table 1 shows the main agrotechnical parameters and characteristics of the Kupchikha dredger.
Table 1
Parameters / Characteristics | Value / Description |
Ripening time | medium and medium early variety |
Productivity | 0.3-0.5 kg per bush or 1.35 kg per 1 square. m |
The form | asymmetrical |
Taste | sweet, without sourness |
Scent | saturated strawberry |
Tasting Point | 5 |
Transportability | high |
Disease and pest resistance | high |
Drought tolerance | average |
Frost resistance | high (up to minus 24 ° C) |
Fruiting | irreplaceable |
Appointment | universal |
Berry ripening time depends on the region and the specific weather. In the middle lane, the first berries usually appear in early July. They are the largest - they reach 6 cm in length. The next berries are smaller - 3 cm in length.
Pros and cons
Zemklunika, having inherited the positive qualities of the mother varieties of strawberries and strawberries, became the bearer of the following advantages:
- high productivity;
- almost 100% self-fertility;
- undemanding to the conditions of growth and care;
- decorativeness - during flowering;
- high frost resistance allows you to do without shelter in winter;
- high immunity to the most common strawberry-strawberry misfortunes - to fungal infections and gray rot;
- resistance to strawberry tick;
- good survival in any climate;
- the possibility of independent reproduction - thanks to a growing mustache;
- bright taste characteristics;
- large berries - they are not as large as Gigantella Maxim or Albion, but much larger than many other varieties;
- well tolerate transportation - they have dense pulp, they do not crease, do not flow, do not rot;
- the berry is well stored, especially in the right container and at low temperatures.
The merchants have a few shortcomings:
- Not enough mustache. For gardeners who are actively propagating berry crops, the available mustache is enough only to update the plantings.
- Heterogeneous berries. There are large, medium and small fruits. The berries also differ in shape - rather bizarre specimens come across, this negatively affects the presentation.
- It freezes during return frosts - such cases have been noticed in central regions.
- Due to the abundance of peduncles, a dense planting is observed. It is necessary to separate the fruiting plantings and mother liquors.
- In the rainy summer, the Merchant does not have time to ripen in the northern regions, in the Urals and even in the Moscow Region.
- With extensive agricultural technology, it fades for 2-3 years, and productivity decreases.
Selection and purchase of seedlings
Zemklunika is not yet widespread, therefore, under its guise unscrupulous sellers offer the usual varieties of garden strawberries. To buy the original seedlings, it is recommended to contact the originator of the variety - FGBNU VSTISP. The institute has an extensive sales network in Moscow and the region, so here you can easily order high-quality seedlings.
If seedlings are not purchased from the originator, it is necessary to verify the appearance of the seedlings with the standard. Note that the seedlings of the Tradeswoman in the fall of 2017 were not yet on sale. Anyone who claims that "not the first year" sells seedlings of the Merchant, deceives the buyer.
Signs by which to choose high-quality seedlings of dredges:
- well-developed root system, without defects and damage;
- the maximum number of leaves is 3 pieces;
- lack of broken leaves, rot and other imperfections;
- the heart is strong, elastic, green.
Seedlings are sold in separate pots or with open roots. If the second option is purchased, seedlings should be planted immediately - no later than the next day. Before planting, seedlings are stored by immersing the roots in water.
Site selection
The ditch site can be located both in the sun and in partial shade. The berry can grow in the neighborhood of sprawling fruit trees. The fruits, staying part of the day in the shade, ripen longer, but grow larger.
More features of the site for planting dredges:
- the site should be located in a well-ventilated place;
- landing in lowlands where rain or meltwater has been standing for a long time is not allowed;
- it is forbidden to plant after solanaceous - there is a risk of infection with late blight;
- an unfavorable neighbor is raspberry, she has similar diseases and pests with her dairy.
Soil preparation and fertilizing
Zemklunik is demanding on the composition of the soil. The culture prefers light fertile soils, loams and sandstones with low acidity. Before planting, the soil is enriched with organic and mineral fertilizers.
The amount of fertilizer applied depends on the fertility of the soil - the poorer they are, the more fertilizer they need. Before digging the beds fertilizers are scattered over them (per 1 sq. M):
- humus or compost - 1-2 buckets;
- ammonium nitrate - 20-30 g;
- superphosphate - 20-40 g;
- wood ash - 2-3 glasses.
It is also recommended to pour the solution with potassium permanganate solution (1 g per bucket), or copper sulfate (100 g per bucket) to disinfect the soil.
Step-by-step landing guidelines
Before planting, prepare seedlings. Leave seedlings with open roots in water for 2-3 hours, with closed ones - water. For better rooting and development, it is recommended to treat the roots with growth stimulants.
The best planting scheme for the Tradeswoman is 50x50 cm. In the early years - until the bushes grew, the beds would seem half empty. You can condense the plantings, supplementing them with a favorable neighborhood - plant onion, garlic, dill, parsley, lettuce, radish, calendula, low marigolds between the lines.
Step-by-step instructions for landing dredges:
- Make holes in the bed that correspond to the size of the roots - they should comfortably fit in the recess without crushing or twisting.
- Put the seedling in the hole, spreading the roots. Transplant seedlings in glasses with a lump of earth.
- Fill the roots with soil, leaving all petioles with leaves and a heart (a kidney in the center of the bush) above it. Crush the ground with your hands.
- Scoop a groove 3-5 cm deep - pour it. This method will not fill the heart with water.
- Rake a groove for watering. Sprinkle the soil on the bed with mulch - sawdust, hay, dried grass.
Dredged planted twice a season - in early spring and early autumn.
Care and growing
Merchant woman is not grown for a long time in one place. Over time, a lot of bacteria and pests accumulate in the soil, because of this the bushes begin to wither, the yield decreases. But over the course of 3-4 years, the Tradeswoman generously bears fruit - if you provide it with watering, fertilizing, protection from frost, diseases and pests.
Watering: volumes and regularity
Tradeswoman stubbornly tolerates heat, but does not like drought. The optimal soil condition is constant moisture. It is allowed to water planting on leaves, but not in sunny weather, and not during the ripening of berries. When the berries are only poured and ripened, water is poured under the root - so as not to provoke the appearance of gray rot.
Water consumption per dredger bush is 1-2 l. Water as needed - as soon as the soil dries. When rainy weather begins - at the end of summer and autumn, planting is not watered. If there is no rain in the fall, then before the winter one water-charging irrigation is done, in which one and a half times more water is poured out than during normal watering. For such a moisture-loving crop as dredging, the optimal irrigation method is the drip system.
Top dressing
If the dredger bushes look perfect - tall, densely leafy with large dark green leaves, then 4-5 top dressings are enough in the season.
Table 2 - the timing of top dressing and their composition.
table 2
Fertilization dates | Application Method | Composition, doses per 10 liters of water |
After thawing the soil | under the root | 50 g of urea or 1-2 tbsp. l ammonia, or complex fertilizers for strawberries and strawberries (BioGumus, Fertik, etc.) |
During flowering | spraying | 20 g of boric acid |
The appearance of the first ovaries | under the root | 50 g nitroammophoski, or repeat top dressing with complex fertilizer |
After harvesting | under the root | similar to previous feeding |
In early August - when the laying of new kidneys begins | spraying | 50 g of urea |
All used top dressings can be used for spraying - they will not harm the leaves. If the plants do not look good - the bushes grow poorly, the leaves are small, and the petioles are too thin, then the plantings are fed every two weeks - until the plants get a healthy look.
Shelter for the winter
The need for shelter for winter plantings depends on the region of cultivation. Winter merchants have an average Merchant, so in snowless and frosty winters there is a chance of death of bushes. If snow falls in the area where dredges are grown before frosts below 20 ° C occur, warming is necessary.
Zamnikniki plantations will protect well from frosts by frosts, as well as branches - birch, maple, bird cherry trees, etc. Stems of raspberries, dill, and shrubs are also suitable. Gardeners often use agrofibre to shelter plantings, having previously folded it in several layers.
Covering material must allow air to pass through and not rot in the beds. When spring comes, the shelter is removed, the soil is loosened and sprinkled with fresh mulch (read more about mulching the soil here).
What diseases can bother?
The copyright holder of the Merchant declares the universal resistance of the hybrid to infections. In practice, this only means that this hybrid is sick less often than other varieties. Table 3 lists the most common diseases of the Tradeswoman and ways to combat them.
Table 3
Disease | Symptoms | How to fight? |
Gray rot | Gray fluffy coating on the berries. The flesh under the spots of rot is brown and watery. | In the spring, when snow is falling, before flowering, after flowering and after harvesting - spraying with Fitosporin (2 tbsp. Per bucket). Or a bright pink solution of potassium permanganate, or milk whey (per bucket - 1 liter), or brilliant green / iodine (10 liters - 40 drops). When symptoms of rot or spotting appear, spray with copper-containing fungicides, for example, HOM (per bucket - 40 g), copper sulfate (per bucket - 50 g), Bordeaux liquid 1%, Skor (10 l - 2 ml). 1 or 2 repeated sprayings at weekly intervals. |
White spotting | Round white spots appear on the leaves, bordered by red or purple circles. | |
Brown spotting | On the leaves - between the veins, brown spots of different sizes and shapes appear. |
Prevention measures:
- weed weeding;
- timely harvesting;
- collection and destruction of affected berries;
- planting between beds of favorable crops - onions, garlic, etc .;
- 4 treatments with Bordeaux liquid, potassium permanganate solution, Fitosporin or other fungicide.
Pests and the fight against them
Tradeswoman is resistant to pests, but under adverse conditions it can be affected by traditional berry pests. They not only destroy a significant part of the crop, but are also able to weaken the plants, up to their death. Table 4 shows the main enemies of the dredgers and methods of dealing with them.
Table 4
Pests | Harm | How to fight? |
Strawberry Raspberry Weevil | Long proboscis beetles feed on foliage. Eggs are laid in buds. The very first buds disappear - a source of large berries. The larvae eats the contents of the buds - they dry and die. | When flower stalks grow, and also after picking berries, treatment with insecticides, for example, Karbofos (10 l - 60 g), Aktara (10 l - 2 g), Intavir (10 l - 1 tablet). In autumn, at temperatures below +10 ° C, the soil is loosened, destroying wintering sites of weevils. |
Strawberry mite | Small insects, indistinguishable by the eye, destroy bushes - they do not grow, young leaves do not open. The edges of the leaves curl inward, the color is yellowish. The berries become small, dry. In winter, the plants freeze. During the season, up to 6 generations of ticks breed. | In spring, water the beds with water at a temperature of + 60 ° C. In the spring or after harvesting, cover with a film of beds - for 2 days. The temperature under the film rises to 70 ° C and the ticks die. At the same time, the leaves also die, but then new, healthy ones grow. From the moment of snow melting to flowering - treatment with acaricides. The interval between treatments is 10 days. Actelik is used (2 ml of water - 2 ml), Fufanon (10 ml per bucket). Processing is repeated after harvesting. |
Strawberry propagation Tradeswoman
The merchant woman is a hybrid, so it does not make sense to propagate it by seeds. Firstly, growing seedlings from seeds is a time-consuming affair; seed germination is low. Secondly, seedlings grown from seeds do not retain maternal traits.
The most reliable method of reproduction of the Merchant is vegetative. It allows you to quickly get new dredger bushes, while maintaining varietal characteristics of the mother plant.
Mustache propagation order:
- At the end of May, large, productive bushes are chosen.
- Only a few mustaches and first-order rosettes are left at the selected bushes.
- Pin the selected mustache to the ground.
- All other mustaches are removed so that the plant directs forces to rooting outlets.
- When there are 5 leaves on the outlets, they are separated, transplanted to a previously prepared place.
Harvesting, storage and transportability
The collection of berries is phased. The first berries ripen around the end of June. They can be stored, but not for long - the best way is to recycle more quickly. The Merchant has good transportability - it is transported over short and long distances without loss of commercial qualities. Suitable for sale in markets and stores.
Berries of the Tradeswoman are very tasty fresh, especially with sugar and cream. They are harmoniously combined with ice cream and pastries. The berries are processed - they make jam, jams, compotes, dried, prepare liqueurs, liquors and tinctures.
How much does the Tradeswoman bear fruit?
Tradeswoman bears fruit and maintains varietal qualities for 3-4 years. Already for 5-6 years of planting, it is required to update, since the berries are smaller and yield decreases. The variety is transplanted to another place, and where the dredger grew, the berries can be planted in 4 years.
Tradeswoman begins bearing fruit in late June. Harvest one, but collect it in several stages, taking two-day breaks.
An overview of dredgers of the Kupchikha variety is presented in the video below:
Difficulties in growing and useful tips
Growing a Merchant will not create special difficulties, if you follow agricultural technology. If the culture does not give the expected yield, it is sick, it does not develop, then somewhere a mistake was made or something was missed. Table 5 - problems in the cultivation of dredges, their causes and recommendations for elimination.
Table 5
Problem | Probable reasons | How to fix it? |
Low yield | the site is poorly lit | transplant zemkluniku to a more illuminated place |
Rotting roots, slow growth | deep landing | transplant bushes correctly |
The plant does not take root well | the plant was planted incorrectly - more than three leaves were left on the bush; or planting error - bushes planted shallow | transplant or wait - the plant can still grow |
The bush grows poorly, the leaves are small, the petioles are thin | infertile soil | 2-3 times a month - top dressing with complex fertilizers |
It is sick with gray rot, brown or white spotting. | waterlogged soil; watering the leaves during the formation of the ovaries and during the ripening period; or thickened landing | reduce the frequency of watering, divert water or transplant to a drier place, if thickened - plant strawberries |
Ill with late blight | crop rotation rules are violated - the dredging planted after solanaceous | transplant to a new place |
When transplanting seedlings propagated by a mustache, powerful and large bushes are planted. The survival rate of such seedlings is almost 100%.
Hybrid Reviews
Ilya N., Saratov Region The main thing that this berry is remembered for is its extraordinary shape and excellent taste. Strangely shaped berries with ears, and the taste is sweet, strawberry. The pulp is dense, not watery, it can be transported and stored without problems for 1-2 days. A noticed drawback - is affected by gray rot. Advice - it is better to land the Merchant in the shade. Here it turns out larger and sweeter.
Maria I., Bryansk region The Merchant has excellent pollination, she practically does not get sick, does not freeze out, is not afraid of ticks. It tolerates rainy weather. It is not necessary to spray with "chemistry" - the berries are environmentally friendly. On one bush up to 30 peduncles - very high productivity. If you dry the berries, and then grind on a coffee grinder, you get amazing seasoning for tea and baking.
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Harvest, with surprisingly delicious berries of the Merchant, was liked by both amateur gardeners and farmers engaged in commercial berry cultivation. The main problem is to find the original seedlings. Zemkulnika is not widespread, and sellers often slip ordinary garden strawberries instead of zemkulniki.
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