Vakula is a six-row spring barley widely cultivated in Russia. Possessing an increased bushiness, this high-yielding variety allows farmers to save on sowing material, reducing the cost of grain.
Barley Vakula gives a good harvest
Vakula barley has a high brewing value index
Barley Vakula
Description and characteristics of the variety
"Vakula" is one of the most productive spring varieties. The high yields shown by this barley are due to its botanical characteristics.
Botanical Description
Vakula barley belongs to the pallidum variety. The variety is included in the State Register in 2007.
Short description:
- Bush. The plant is semi-erect, belongs to the type with short and medium stems. The height of the bush is 70-80 cm.
- Leaves. Unfocused, green. Anthocyanin color is absent, on the vaginas of the lower leaves - a strong waxy coating.
- Ear. Cylindrical, 6-row, loose, no wax coating. The spines are yellow, longer than the ear itself. The average length is 7-9 cm. The shape is rectangular-rhombic.
- Corn. Large, weight of 1 thousand grains - 45-50 g. Abdominal furrow pubescent. The grains are covered with film scales - lodicules.
The most common types of barley in agriculture: pallidum - a multi-row type of crop, and nutans - a two-row type.
Specifications
"Vakula" is considered, according to the assurances of the originator, the highest-yielding variety among spring barley.
Main characteristics of Vakula barley:
Characteristics / Parameters | Description / meaning |
Ripening time | Mid-season (growing season - 70-85 days) |
Productivity | 50-95 centners per 1 ha |
Protein content in grain | 13 % |
Appointment | Forage, brewing |
Seeding rate | 2-3 million seeds per 1 ha |
Drought tolerance | High |
Lodging | Steady |
Disease and pest resistance | Resistant to powdery mildew and viral diseases |
Photoperiodic sensitivity | Low (provides high yields in different climatic zones) |
Growing regions
The Vakula variety is distinguished by its ecological plasticity - it can be grown in regions with radically different climates. This barley grows safely in areas characterized by rainfall, average annual temperature and soil fertility.
Recommended for growing in the following regions:
- Middle Volga;
- Central Black Earth;
- North Caucasian.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
Vakula barley is valued for its stable yield and the possibility of doubling it by increasing soil fertility and creating favorable growing conditions.
Advantages of the Vakula variety:
- High productivity. One of the highest rates among its kind.
- Reduced photoperiodic sensitivity. The variety forms a harvest regardless of the time of the arrival of spring. It grows in different latitudinal zones.
- Drought tolerance due to genetic characteristics.
- Salt and acid resistance - grows on problem soils.
- High resistance to dangerous smut diseases.
- Lodging resistance.
- Coarse grain. When irrigated, the mass of 1000 grains reaches 60 g.
- Has a high germination energy.
- It has a high brewing value index.
Strong bushiness. The plant forms up to two dozen stems, which makes it possible to reduce the seeding rate. Vakula has one drawback - for good growth and fruiting, it needs a high agricultural background. To get high yields, you need to regularly apply complex mineral fertilizers.
The most dangerous period for "Vakula" is the emergence of seedlings. If a dry period occurs at this time, crops are seriously affected.
Preparing for sowing
Barley does not grow well on acidic soils. The best acidity value for spring barley is pH 5.6-5.8.
The best soil for barley:
- black soil;
- gray forest;
- dark gray.
Predecessors
Barley can be grown in one place three years after sowing, not earlier. Barley has a poorly developed root system, so it is characterized by poor absorption of nutrients, and in order to get a good harvest, it needs fertile soils that are free of bacteria, viruses and weeds.
The chances of a good harvest increase the right choice of predecessors.
Good predecessors:
- corn;
- potatoes;
- fiber flax;
- siderates;
- perennial herbs.
Legumes are unacceptable predecessors of barley if the grain is grown for brewing purposes, as there is abundant tillering, which reduces grain quality.
Presowing soil treatment
Soil cultivation for sowing Vakula barley is carried out in the same way as for other spring crops. Soil for sowing begin to prepare in the fall.
Preparation stages:
- In autumn, stubble plowing is carried out using disc harrows after the predecessors.
- After peeling, the soil is plowed with a plow.
- In areas with wind erosion of soils, moldboard-free loosening is carried out.
- In winter, snow retention is provided.
- In the spring, cultivation and harrowing are carried out, thanks to which it is possible to retain moisture in the soil.
Soil preparation includes the application of fertilizers:
- Autumn. For plowing, potash and phosphorus fertilizers are introduced.
- In the spring. Before pre-sowing cultivation, nitrogen fertilizing is applied. Also during sowing, phosphate fertilizers are applied.
How much fertilizer is required to obtain 1 ton of barley:
- nitrogen (N) - 25-30 kg;
- phosphoric (P2O5) - 10-15 kg;
- potash (K2O) - 20-25 kg.
Seed dressing
For sowing, only healthy planting material is taken. Grains should be large, with proven germination.
Features of seed preparation:
- Seeds are pickled 2-3 months before sowing.
- For processing, use a 50% solution of "Fundazol" or 75% "Vitavax 200".
Thanks to disinfection, it is possible to prevent the development of many dangerous diseases - root rot, dusty and hard smut.
Sowing barley Vakula
Pickled seeds with a growth force of 80% are taken for sowing. Barley yields the highest yields with early sowing, since in conditions of high humidity and low temperatures, its root system is actively developing. With early sowing, seedlings appear together.
The exact sowing time for each region is different. Barley is usually sown as soon as the equipment enters the fields. The optimal time for sowing barley is considered the end of the 1st week of field work. It is sown at the same time as spring wheat or immediately after it.
When to sow barley:
- In the southern regions - in early March.
- In regions with a temperate climate - in April.
- In areas of risky farming - in May.
Barley is a continuous crop culture. Variety Vakula, like any other barley, is sown in different ways - at the discretion of the farmer and taking into account the soil and climatic conditions.
How to sow barley:
- In a narrow-row way. The row spacing is 7.5 cm. This option allows optimal use of the sown area.
- In an ordinary way. Aisles make twice as wide - 15 cm.
The owners of small farms resort to the old method of sowing - the grains are scattered by hand.
Seeding depth, if the soil is wet enough:
- on heavy soils - 4-5 cm;
- on light sandy loam - 5-6 cm.
If the weather is dry, then the seeds are buried 7-8 cm.
Spring barley is sown as early as possible. The slightest delay causes a loss in yield.
Crop care
Barley is unpretentious and does not require special attention from farmers, but there are measures without which it is impossible to count on high yields.
Post-sowing soil consolidation
Rolling is a simple but important agrotechnical activity that is carried out after sowing barley or simultaneously with it.
The purpose of packing is to improve contact with the ground, ensuring dense and friendly seedlings. The event is extremely necessary in dry weather.
If there is an excess of moisture in the soil, then rolling, on the contrary, can negatively affect the seedlings:
- reduced aeration properties of the soil;
- a crust forms on the ground, and subsequently cracks.
To increase the protein content in grains, barley is fed with urea at the heading stage - 20-25 kg per 1 ha.
Harrowing
After rolling, pre-emergence harrowing is usually carried out. The purpose of the event is to prevent the appearance of soil crust and destroy threadlike weed seedlings.
The field is harrowed 3-5 days after sowing barley. In order not to damage seedlings of grains, the harrowing depth should be less than their burial. The event is carried out before the seedlings exceed the length of the seed.
When harrowing spring barley with harrows - mesh or medium, it is possible to thin out the crops by 15-20%, which will lead to a decrease in yield.
The use of growth regulators (retardants)
Lodging resistance of barley is a guarantee of a high yield. The quality of grain in lodged plants decreases, pathogenic microorganisms develop on them.
Why retardants are used:
- increased resistance of barley to lodging;
- the length of the stems is reduced;
- yield increases.
To avoid lodging, barley is treated with a retardant in the tillering phase. For example, the preparation “TseTseTse 460”.
Weed and pest control, disease control
Vakula barley is resistant to many diseases, including powdery mildew. The task of farmers is to prevent diseases, pest attacks and weeds from clogging the field.
If a dangerous quantity of weeds appears, the field is treated with herbicides:
- amine salt 2,4-D;
- Dialenom;
- Lontrel.
Processing is carried out in the phase of tillering and stemming.
If the soil is clogged with perennial weeds, then in the fall, after peeling, herbicides of general extermination - "Hurricane", "Roundup", etc. are introduced into the soil. The application rate is 4-6 l / ha. After 2-3 weeks, 100% of the weeds die.
Vakula variety can be affected by:
- powdery mildew;
- dwarf rust;
- striped helminthosporiosis.
If signs of disease appear on barley, it is treated with fungicides - Impact, Derozal and others.
The main pests of Vakula barley:
- bread beetle;
- swedish flies;
- bread drunk;
- cereal aphid;
- thrips;
- common bird cherry aphid.
Insecticides of broad action are used to control pests - "Karate", "Fozalon", "Decis" and others.
Harvest
Vakula barley not only sprouts together, but also ripens together. When the ear is fully ripe, it becomes brittle. If the barley is too old, it wilts and lays down, and the grains spill out onto the ground.
Barley is harvested in two ways:
- Single-phase (complete cleaning). It is used if the grain is dry. The crop is immediately taken away from the field.
- Two-phase (separate cleaning). This method is used with increased grain moisture - 36-38%. Barley of 50% wax ripeness is laid in rolls - with roll headers. When the grain dries up - after 4-5 days, the rolls are removed and threshed by combine harvesters.
The grain brought to the current is cleaned and, if necessary, dried. The optimum humidity is 14%.
Farmers reviews about the variety
Vadim H., farmer, Nizhny Novgorod region I have been growing the Vakula variety for 4 years and am very pleased with the result. The main thing is to qualitatively prepare the soil before sowing; shallow plowing is not enough. The highest yield - 86 centners per hectare - was obtained in a year when there were heavy snowfalls and heavy spring rains.
Leonid Zh., Entrepreneur, Rostov region I have my own brewery, and I grow Vakula barley for her. It is perfect for brewing. The grains are selected, the protein content is suitable - 12%. It grows well, does not lie down and does not get sick.
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Vakula barley shows excellent yields without requiring special care or investment. This grain is suitable not only for livestock feed, but also for the brewing industry.
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