Blackcurrant Summer resident - the choice of many gardeners for breeding in household plots. It does not require much care, withstands cold, resists major diseases and yields large berries.
Black currant "Summer resident"
currant "Summer resident" large-fruited, the weight of one berry can reach up to 5g
the taste of Dachnitsa berries is incredibly sweet, with no sourness
Brief history of the variety
Black currant The summer resident was bred at the All-Russian Research Institute of Breeding of Fruit Crops and the Research Institute of Horticulture in Siberia, crossing varieties with similar characteristics - the Seedling of the Dove and Bredthorpe.
Breeders - Z. Zotova, T. Ogoltsova, L. Bayanova and S. Knyazev. A new hybrid was included in the State Register in 2004.
The culture is intended for cultivation in a temperate climate in the North-West and Volga-Vyatka regions. Resistant to cold up to -30 degrees. The fruits ripen early. The bush is compact, the taste of the berries is sweet.
Black currant Dachnitsa is undesirable to grow in the southern climate due to sensitivity to heat and poor tolerance of drought.
Appearance of the Summer Resident
Black currant is a perennial plant. It is characterized by its small size compared to other varieties.
Bush
Compressed spherical, low. It reaches a height of 1.2 m. The branches are not densely located, there are gaps. The main direction of growth is straight and up.
Young stems are juicy green, with a low tint. In an adult plant, the main branches are stiff and stiff. Darken to gray-brown color, low tide decreases.
Roots
The root system is fibrous, strong. Placed at a depth of 35-42 cm. The central rod is deepened up to 1 m into the ground. The rest of the roots grow intensively in width 45-50 cm from the center of the bush in the horizontal direction.
Currant roots do not produce offspring.
Leaves
Leaves are medium in size, set on low petioles. The structure is five-bladed, corrugated. The leaves are soft to the touch.
Each blade is separated by deep burgundy longitudinal grooves. The color of the leaves is green with a slight bronze tint.
Flowers
Collected in clusters in an amount of up to 12 pieces. Almost everyone gives an ovary. Medium in size with a delicate light brown color.
The plant self-pollinates, but in order to obtain larger fruits, it is recommended to plant other varieties of black currant nearby.
Berries
The fruits of this variety are considered large. Weight ranges from 3 to 5 g.
Also typical for berries:
- spherical shape, slightly elongated;
- the skin color is blue-dark;
- the skin is loose and tender;
- small seeds are contained in a small amount;
- the pulp is sweet and soft;
- slightly sour taste;
- pronounced aroma;
- sugar content - 9.5%, vitamin C - 195 ml / 100 g; this amount satisfies the daily requirement of the body.
Ripe fruits for a long time firmly adhere to the stalk and do not crumble.
The harvested fruits are better preserved at low temperatures, do not lose their original taste and useful properties.
Pros and cons
The ripening time of the fruits is the 3rd year after planting. Fruits bush from mid-June. During the harvest season, it produces berries at a constant frequency. One bush gives up to 1.5 kg of berries.
Farms on an area of 1 hectare collect up to 8 tons of crops per season. Most currants can be harvested during the plant age from 5 to 8 years.
This variety grows best in temperate climates, for which it was specially bred. The root system is adapted for cold to -30, does not require additional insulation.
The summer resident does not tolerate the southern climate: the growth of the plant slows down, the size of the bush decreases, and gives little harvest. Sensitive to dry soil and excessive exposure to sunlight. Needs constant additional watering and artificial shade.
This variety is chosen because of its many advantages:
- large fruits and high yield;
- early ripening of berries;
- self-pollination;
- rich taste and high vitamin C content;
- resistance to pests and major diseases;
- adaptability to cold weather;
- berries are intended for universal use;
- currant retains its taste and nutritional properties for a long time;
- fruits are well transported.
Currant has its drawbacks:
- fallen fruits spoil quickly;
- flowers wither from frost;
- branches are not strong enough, bend to the ground under the weight of ripening berries;
- need cropping;
- the land near the bush should be free of weeds and fallen leaves;
- the plant does not tolerate dry periods, especially in the first 2 years;
- grows poorly in warm climatic zones.
In case of sudden frosts, during the flowering of currants, it is worthwhile to smoke bushes to save flowers.
Preparing for landing
To plant the black currant Summer resident, gardeners select the right place and prepare the soil.
Landing season
Planting time for seedlings is mid or end of September, depending on climate and weather conditions. During the autumn period, the plant takes root in the soil; winter freezing of the root system does not occur.
Planting in early spring is allowed, but currants may not have enough time to root for full growth and future fruiting.
Site selection
Blackcurrant Summer resident grows well and bears fruit if the territory meets the requirements:
- located in open space on the south side of the site;
- landing area is flat and spacious;
- high humidity, close location of groundwater are not allowed;
- land with natural drainage so that the root system does not rot;
- lack of drafts and cold winds;
- most of the area should be well lit, slight dimming is allowed.
Excess sun slows the growth of the plant and overdries the soil.
Particular attention before planting is given to soil composition and acidity. The plant develops well in loamy or chernozem soil with a weak acidity of 6.0-6.5 pH.
Currants are planted in loose soil saturated with nutrients. If they are lacking, organic fertilizer is preliminarily applied - compost or humus. It is undesirable to use ready-made top dressing with an abundance of minerals.
If shrubs from the Gooseberry family previously grew in this place, the soil accumulated toxic substances and became significantly impoverished. Plant growth and development will slow down.
Planting material
You need to acquire young seedlings at the age of two: the plant is already strong, the root system is grown up. Such a bush takes root well, quickly and can withstand temperature extremes.
When choosing a seedling, pay attention to:
- Root system: should not be broken or have dry appendages. Color - brownish rusty. The number of main processes is 2-4, the length is 15-20 cm. Numerous small and thin roots of a lighter shade depart from them.
The dark brown color of the root indicates improper storage and unhealthy of the plant: it was exposed to frost, was dry or sick. - Aboveground part: consists of 2-3 shoots 35-45 cm long. The color of the branches is even, light brown, the surface is smooth with soft buds.
For planting in early spring, seedlings with young foliage are chosen.
Immediately before planting in the ground, the currants are prepared. The root is dipped in a nutritious and growth-promoting solution.
Soaking time: a healthy and intact plant is kept for about an hour; with dried, frozen and injured roots, the time increases to 3-5 days.
Tillage
Young black currant Summer resident is planted in prepared soil:
- the site is dug to the depth of the shovel;
- weed from weeds and the remnants of dry grass and branches;
- insufficiently moistened soil is watered 2-3 days before planting;
- depleted soil is saturated with organic fertilizers.
Correct planting of black currant Summer resident
Keeping the distance between the bushes and step by step work when planting the seedling guarantee good rooting and fast growth.
Sequencing:
- A young plant is planted in a hole: the depth and diameter is half a meter. If there are several bushes, then the distance between the pits is 1.5-2 m. This distance does not create a blackout between adult bushes.
- A 2/3 hole is filled up with excavated soil mixed with fertilizers. For fertilization per 1 sq. m will need:
- compost or humus - 15 kg;
- potassium chloride - 65-75 g;
- superphosphate - 120-140 g;
- wood ash - up to 2 kg.
- The seedling is lowered into the hole in a straight position, the roots are carefully placed without displacement of small processes to one side.
- The hole with the plant is covered with dug soil and the soil is tamped so that it does not sag much when watering.
- Irrigate abundantly with 2-2.5 buckets of water.
- Mulch to retain moisture.
- Cut the branches so that the shoot remains up to 15 cm and 2-3 buds on it.
Fertilizing is beneficial for planting roots and creating a reserve of nutrients. In the spring, during active growth, the fertilized soil ensures full growth and development of the bush.
Currant Care
Black currant A summer resident needs constant care: loosening the soil, removing weeds and watering. Due to the small size, the bush is not fixed to the support.
Learn how to care for currant bushes in the autumn here. And also read our other article on how to properly care for currants in the spring.
With proper care, currants bring berries for more than 12 years.
Watering frequency
The currant bush requires moderate but constant watering. Near the trunk of the tree make a small indentation 30 cm wide and pour water into this area.
The roots are located at a depth of up to 40 cm, and when watering, you need to wet the soil layer at this distance. An adult plant needs 2 buckets of water for full irrigation, a young one - 1.
Watering frequency - 1 time per week. In the summer, irrigation is increased up to 2 times, in the evening, the leaves are sprayed.
Additional demand for moisture occurs during flowering and fruit setting, during harvest, before winter.
It should be noted that a lack of moisture leads to:
- deterioration of the taste of berries and their grinding;
- yield reduction;
- poor tolerance of winter cold.
Cutting technology
A bush of currants must be cut, getting rid of unnecessary branches.
This is required for:
- the formation of the correct plant shape;
- the formation of gaps between the branches for access to sunlight and air - so the berries, under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, ripen large in size;
- directing the flow of nutrients to the fruiting branches;
- stimulating the growth of new shoots;
- getting rid of old branches on which little ovary is formed;
- removal of diseased and damaged parts of the bush.
Time spending:
- It is early spring, when the currants have not yet awakened from wintering, and the juices have not begun to move. Learn about spring pruning from this article.
- Late autumn, after the completion of the movement of nutrients. We recommend reading an article on how to prune currants in the fall.
Basic pruning rules:
- Begins in the first year during planting. The branches are shortened, 2-3 buds are left on each. The shoots form the main skeleton of the bush.
- In the 2nd year, these branches are cut, leaves are left for the growth of young shoots.
- On the 3rd and 4th - of the new ones, 3-6 of the strongest are left, the rest are cut off. The tops of last year's shoots are shortened.
- By the 5th or 6th year, the shape of the bush is fully formed.
Now they carry out only preventive pruning: they get rid of old, diseased and damaged branches.
3-5 new main shoots are left annually, last year's branches are shortened so that 3-4 buds remain on them.
A periodic cut of old branches contributes to the constant renewal of the plant, stable crops. The place of cutting is best lubricated with garden var.
After winter, in order to prevent diseases, a cut of frozen and rotten branches is carried out. At the end of autumn they rid the bush of old and dried branches.
Soil care
Currant Dachnitsa is demanding on the condition of the soil. To ensure good growth conditions:
- get rid of weeds, fallen leaves and branches;
- periodically loosen the soil, providing oxygen and moisture to the roots;
- to prevent drying of the soil, it is mulched, especially in early summer.
Introduction of dressings
To accelerate the growth of the currant bush and increase the yield, top dressing is applied several times a year:
- In the spring - organic matter or ammonium nitrate: dissolve 50 g in water and pour under each bush. For plants older than 5 years, 2 times less fertilizing is required. About spring feeding is written here.
- Fall - in October, organic fertilizer is used: compost, bird droppings or a ladle of ash. How and what to fertilize currants in the autumn, read here.
Mulching
Mulching the soil before the winter period to preserve the root system. Use: dry leaves, sawdust, pine needles, peat or humus.
The layer thickness depends on the climatic conditions of the growing region.
Frost protection
When the temperature falls below -30 gr. and constant temperature drops for an adult currant bush and newly planted seedlings build additional protection against frost. In addition to mulching, the bush is covered with cardboard or wrapped in cellophane.
Harvesting
Fruiting begins on the 3rd year after planting, and the peak occurs after the 5th year. The crop is harvested in several approaches.
They are stored in plastic containers in the refrigeration unit; berries do not crack when defrosted. The shelf life in the freezer is up to a year.
The summer resident tolerates transportation well.
Currants are used for cooking:
- preserves, compotes and jams;
- sweets and pastilles;
- medicinal infusions.
When grinding and mixing with sugar, it retains all the beneficial substances.
Reproduction
The summer resident is propagated in several ways.
Cuttings
It is a young shoot 20 cm long cut off from the mother bush. It is separated in autumn with an oblique cut. Placed in the ground in an inclined position. On the surface of the trunk should be 2-3 kidneys. During the winter, the stalk takes root and in the spring it is planted in the ground.
Rooting cuttings
A two-year branch is chosen from a large three-year-old bush with a good yield.
Procedure:
- set aside, bend down and rooted in the soil;
- the top is cut off, and the stem is fixed with wooden staples;
- sprinkle with earth and watered.
The layer is connected with the mother bush, it receives food and quickly gives roots.
The retraction time is early spring before the leaves appear. By autumn, the root system will grow, 2-3 new shoots will appear. The cuttings are separated from the bush and planted in a permanent place.
Lead is the most common and convenient way to propagate a currant bush.
Dividing the bush
Produced in autumn. The annual plant is dug up and divided into parts. An independent part of the bush should have roots and a solid trunk. Cut the branch, leave 20-25 cm. A young bush is planted in the prepared hole and watered.
Diseases and parasites: methods of control and prevention
Black currant Summer resident is a culture resistant to major diseases and pests. Preventive examination of the bush helps to notice the first signs of the disease in the early stages.
Major diseases and pests:
- Caterpillar fire It feeds on berries. For prevention in the autumn, they dig a plot.
Control method: spray the leaves with a makhorka solution in the spring. - Glass Shaker. It dwells on branches and affects them.
Method of control: cut off the affected stems and treat the plant with karbofos. - Aphid. It affects the leaves.
Control method: treat with special preparations or soapy water with ash, excluding the flowering period. - Rust. The bush is covered with dark spots.
Method of control and prevention: pruning the affected parts of the bush, spraying with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid. Eliminate flowering and harvesting times.
Read more about diseases and pests of currants here.
Disease prevention:
- selection of a suitable landing site;
- circumcision of the affected areas;
- after winter, before the final thawing of the soil, watering the bushes and soil with hot water;
- periodic spraying with Bordeaux liquid;
- before the flowering period - processing with tobacco tincture.
Gardeners about currant Summer resident
Natalia, 39 years old, Kirov. Planted a summer resident 4 years ago. It was accepted well, I learned how to cut it myself. She has never been ill. I collect large and tasty berries, make jam from them and simply sugar them. The bush overwinters well, although I try to mulch in order to protect it from frost. I am very pleased with the currants.
Nikolay, 61 years old, Cheboksary. Planted immediately 4 currant bushes in autumn. It has been growing for the sixth year. It was taken immediately. Mastered annual pruning. It is not difficult to do. I collect berries all the time in summer: I picked some, others are ripe. I treat my grandchildren. I'm going to plant some more bushes.
Antonina, 53 years old, Nizhny Novgorod. I have only 1 bush growing. Planted last year. This year has already harvested. I liked the berries very much. So big and tasty! And the bush tolerates the winter well, and it is not difficult to care for. I am going to expand my garden with a currant summer resident.
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Black currant Summer resident is a hybrid specially bred for growing in temperate climates. With proper care, the variety produces stable and large-fruited yields. Reproduces easily. The plant is resistant to pests. The berries are stored for a long time at low temperatures and are well transported.